Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of oxygen

Discussion You must be signed in to discuss. Video Transcript the new this structure off B E c l would be the Louise structure off the F three Won't be be if, and it'll so as B is not having any extra Peter Jones, the Gillette tree should be the imaginative to Patricia beer. Upgrade today to get a personal Numerade Expert Educator answer! Ask unlimited questions.

Test yourself. Join Study Groups. Create your own study plan. Join live cram sessions. Live student success coach. Top Biology Educators MD. Maria D. Numerade Educator. Julie G. Millikin University. Nicholas M. Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. Matthew B. Amherst College. Biology Bootcamp Lectures Elements and Their Atoms In chemistry and physics, an element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means.

The Elements of Life In biology, the elements of life are the essential building blocks that make up living things. Recommended Videos Draw Lewis structures and …. What will be the effect on pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells? A Blood pH will decrease slightly. B Blood pH will increase slightly. C Blood pH will remain unchanged. Which of the following statements correctly describes the results of this mixing?

D The pH of the beaker's contents will be neutral. E The pH of the beaker's contents falls. Equal volumes 5 mL of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle are added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the highest pH? A mL of pure water B mL of freshly brewed coffee C mL of household cleanser containing 0.

A Seawater will become more acidic, and bicarbonate concentrations will decrease. B Seawater will become more alkaline, and carbonate concentrations will decrease. C There will be no change in the pH of seawater, because carbonate will turn to bicarbonate.

D Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease. E Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will increase. How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? A Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals. B Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals.

C Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals. D Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals.

E Acidification would increase dissolved bicarbonate concentrations, and cause increased calcification of corals and shellfish. What potential effects might result from implementing such a scheme? A increased photosynthetic carbon fixation because of the increased dissolved carbon dioxide in the deep water B increased carbonate concentrations in the deep waters C reduced growth of corals from a change in the carbonate—bicarbonate equilibrium D no effect because carbon dioxide is not soluble in water E both increased acidity of the deep waters and changes in the growth of bottom-dwelling organisms with calcium carbonate shells.

D the mitochondrial matrix is more acidic than the cytoplasm. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most likely A positively charged. B negatively charged. C without charge. D hydrophobic. E nonpolar. How many grams would be equal to 1 mol of the compound shown in the figure above? How many grams of the compound in the figure above would be required to make 1 L of a 0.

How many grams of the compound in the figure above would be required to make 2. A small birthday candle is weighed, then lighted and placed beneath a metal can containing mL of water. Careful records are kept as the temperature of the water rises. Data from this experiment are shown on the graph. What amount of heat energy is released in the burning of candle wax?

Identical heat lamps are arranged to shine on identical containers of water and methanol wood alcohol , so that each liquid absorbs the same amount of energy minute by minute. The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. Which of the following graphs correctly describes what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol? You have two beakers.

One contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol wood alcohol. You pour crystals of table salt NaCl into each beaker. Predict what will happen. A Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol. C NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.

D NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water. E When the first crystals of NaCl are added to water or to methanol, they will not dissolve; but as more crystals are added, the crystals will begin to dissolve faster and faster. After complete stirring, the pH of the mixture will be A 2. Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating.

Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? A water's change in density when it condenses B water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air C the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds D the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds E water's high surface tension.

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are A ionic bonds. B hydrogen bonds between water molecules. C covalent bonds between atoms within water molecules. D polar covalent bonds. E nonpolar covalent bonds. Which of the following is a hydrophobic material? A paper B table salt C wax D sugar E pasta.

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their A mass in daltons. B mass in grams. C volume. D number of atoms. E number of molecules. Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake? What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake? A slice of pizza has kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water?

Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg. Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.

The element present in all organic molecules is A hydrogen. B oxygen. C carbon. D nitrogen. E phosphorus. The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to A the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. B the variety of rare elements in organic molecules.

C the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. D their interaction with water. E their tremendously large sizes. The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that A simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms.

B a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. C although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods.

D living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. E living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. Differences among organisms are caused by A large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism.

B differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. C differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. D differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. E differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism. Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?

Stanley Miller's experiments proved that A life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules. B organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth. C life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes. D the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life. E the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules. Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements was a significant milestone for what reason?

A It solved an industrial shortage of acetic acid. B It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds.

C It disproved the concept of vitalism. D It showed that life originated from simple inorganic chemicals. E It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds and disproved the concept of vitalism.

Stanley Miller's experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained A hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapor. B ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapor. C ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapor. D amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapor. E methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapor, what compounds were produced? A mostly amino acids B only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide C mostly hydrocarbons D only simple inorganic compounds E both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons.

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond s with other atoms? A ionic B hydrogen C covalent D covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds E ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?

A They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants. B They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis. C They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide. D They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, and they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide. E They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, they were processed into sugars through photosynthesis, and they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.

A Inorganic carbon atoms in the seeds were incorporated into organic molecules by the bird. B The carbon atoms ultimately came from the soil. C The carbon atoms are ultimately derived from coal. D The carbon atoms ultimately came from carbon dioxide incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis.

E The carbon atoms ultimately came from simple organic compounds that formed abiotically from inorganic carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? A The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. B The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. C They are hydrophilic. D They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.

E They are lighter than water. Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers? A They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. B They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. C They have the same chemical properties. D They have different molecular formulas. E Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences. Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that A have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.

B are mirror images of one another. C exist in either linear chain or ring forms. D differ in the location of their double bonds. E differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds. What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

A the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms B the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms C the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms D the presence or absence of bonds with nitrogen atoms E the solvent that the organic molecule is dissolved in. Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will A be more flexible in structure.

B be more constrained in structure. C be more polar. D have more hydrogen atoms. E have fewer structurally distinct isomers. Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except A by branching of the carbon skeleton.

B by varying the number of double bonds between carbon atoms. C by varying the position of double bonds between carbon atoms. D by forming a ring.

E by forming enantiomers. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

A It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. B It should dissolve in water. C It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. D It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. E It is hydrophobic. Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups? A They are basic in pH. B They are found in amino acids. C They contain nitrogen. D They are nonpolar.

E They are components of urea. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? A ketone and methyl B carbonyl and amino C carboxyl and amino D amino and sulfhydryl E hydroxyl and carboxyl. Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group? A amino B carbonyl C carboxyl D phosphate E hydroxyl. A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group.

When placed in water it A would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. B would function only as a base because of the amino group.

C would function as neither an acid nor a base. D would function as both an acid and a base. E is impossible to determine how it would function. Which functional groups can act as acids? A amino and sulfhydryl B carbonyl and carboxyl C carboxyl and phosphate D hydroxyl and aldehyde E ketone and amino. Testosterone and estradiol are A soluble in water. B structural isomers of each other. C proteins. D lipids. E enantiomers of each other. Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates.

In what way s do these molecules differ from each other? A Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. B Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. C Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. D Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings.

E Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule. Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as A optical isomers. B enantiomers. C structural isomers. D cis-trans isomers. E chain length isomers. The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the A number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. B types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. C arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. D number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. E number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; and the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

These two molecules are A geometric isotopes. C cis-trans isomers. D structural isomers. E nonisotopic isomers. The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as A enantiomers. B radioactive isotopes.

D nonisotopic isomers. E cis-trans isomers. For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.

Which one, if any, is NOT a structural isomer of this compound? Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers enantiomeric forms of the same molecule? Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers enantiomeric forms of the same molecule?

Which pair of molecules shown below are not enantiomers of a single molecule? Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that A have identical three-dimensional shapes.

C are structural isomers. D are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity. E are cis-trans isomers. What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?

A carbonyl B ketone C aldehyde D carboxyl E hydroxyl. Which of the structures illustrated above is an impossible covalently bonded molecule? Which of the structures illustrated above contain s a carbonyl functional group?

In which of the structures illustrated above are the atoms bonded by ionic bonds? Which of the structures illustrated above cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols? Which functional group s shown above is are present in all amino acids?

Which of the groups shown above is a carbonyl functional group? Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules? Which of the groups above is a carboxyl functional group?

Which molecule shown above would have a positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 7? Which molecule s shown above is are ionized in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Which molecules shown above contain a carbonyl group? Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of a ketone? Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde? Which molecule shown above contains a carboxyl group? Which molecule shown above can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid? Which molecule shown above can form a dimer linked by a covalent bond?

Which molecules shown above will form hydrogen bonds with water? A Only D will form hydrogen bonds with water. B All of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. C None of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water.

D All of these molecules except B will form hydrogen bonds with water. E Only C, D, and E will form hydrogen bonds with water. Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid? Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules? Which molecule shown above can function as a base? A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

A carboxyl B sulfhydryl C hydroxyl D amino E phosphate. Organic chemistry is currently defined as A the study of compounds made only by living cells. B the study of carbon compounds. C the study of vital forces. D the study of natural as opposed to synthetic compounds. E the study of hydrocarbons. Which functional group is not present in this molecule? A carboxyl B sulfhydryl C hydroxyl D amino. Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

A hydroxyl B carbonyl C carboxyl D amino E phosphate. Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton? Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules: A structural isomers B cis-trans isomers C enantiomers D isotopes. Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule. Which action could produce a carbonyl group? A the replacement of the OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen B the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl C the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate D the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen E the addition of a sulfhydryl to a carboxyl.

Humans and mice differ because A their cells have different small organic molecules. B their cells make different types of large biological molecules. C their cells make different types of lipids.

D their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids. E their cells make different types of proteins. Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions? A hydroxyl groups B carbonyl groups C carboxyl groups D either carbonyl or carboxyl groups E either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?

In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that A water is generated by animal metabolism.

B water is consumed by animal metabolism. C the water consumed is exactly balanced by the water generated, to maintain homeostasis. D water is consumed during homeostasis, but water is generated during periods of growth. E water is generated during homeostasis, but water is consumed during periods of growth. Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers? A lipids B carbohydrates C proteins D nucleic acids E lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers.

Which of the following is not a polymer? What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? A phosphodiester linkages B hydrolysis C dehydration reactions D ionic bonding of monomers E the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers.

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? A Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

B Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. C Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. D Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. E Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers. Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen? A starch B glycogen C cellulose D chitin E amylopectin.

What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Which of the following could amylase break down? A glycogen B cellulose C chitin D glycogen and chitin only E glycogen, cellulose, and chitin.

On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer? A cellulose B polypeptides C starch D amylopectin E chitin. B lipid. C monosaccharide D carbohydrate and lipid only. E carbohydrate and monosaccharide only. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A as a pentose B as a hexose C as a monosaccharide D as a disaccharide E as a polysaccharide.

All of the following are polysaccharides except A lactose. B glycogen. C chitin. D cellulose. E amylopectin. Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? A They are both polymers of glucose. B They are cis-trans isomers of each other. C They can both be digested by humans. D They are both used for energy storage in plants. E They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. Which of the following is true of cellulose?

A It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. B It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. C It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. D It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. E It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls.

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because A the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. D humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. E the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group. Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

A They are more common in animals than in plants. B They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. C They generally solidify at room temperature. D They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

E They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. B fatty acid. C protein. D nucleic acid. E hydrocarbon. The function of DNA in a cell is to. What is the relationship between an atom and an element? The atomic number of an atom is defined as the. An atom's nucleus is composed of. The formation of ions involves the. Polar covalent bonds form when. An atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell.

How many unpaired electrons does it have? Two atoms appear to have the same mass number. These atoms. A covalent chemical bond is one in which. The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because. What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

Two polar molecules can interact with each other by forming what type of bond? What is the difference between covalent bonds ionic bonds? Van der Waals interactions result when. Which of the following correctly describes any reaction that has reached chemical equilibrium? Which of the following bonds results in the attraction of water molecules to one another?

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by. Liquid water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the. Why does ice float in liquid water? Acids release hydrogen ions into aqueous solutions. Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms above.